Egypt Economic Freedom Observatory
Heritage Foundation Index of Economic Freedom | Editions 2020–2026
What this Observatory covers
Annual Egypt scores, twelve freedoms, world and regional ranks with their denominators, and edition-specific methodology. The index reflects the Heritage Foundation’s framework; it does not by itself prove the causes of economic outcomes. This presentation covers the Egypt profiles and supplied world/regional context, rather than a full international country panel.
Latest edition — 2026
| Measure | Value |
|---|---|
| Overall Score | 50.3 |
| World Rank | 146 |
| World Denominator | 176 |
| Regional Rank | 10 |
| Regional Denominator | 14 |
| World Average | 59.9 |
| Regional Average | 58.6 |
| Classification | Mostly Unfree |
Scores use the issuer’s 0–100 scale. Lower numerical rank means a higher position, and each rank must be read with its edition-specific population.
Overall score by edition
The bars show separate edition observations. The methodology break between 2021 and 2022 prevents an unqualified continuous trend interpretation.
Methodology break: 2021 → 2022
Annual scores, ranks and denominators
| Edition | Score | World / denominator | Region / denominator | Classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 54.0 | 142 / 180 | 11 / 14 | Mostly Unfree |
| 2021 | 55.7 | 130 / 178 | 11 / 14 | Mostly Unfree |
| 2022 | 49.1 | 152 / 177 | 11 / 14 | Repressed |
| 2023 | 49.6 | 151 / 176 | 11 / 14 | Repressed |
| 2024 | 49.7 | 146 / 176 | 10 / 14 | Repressed |
| 2025 | 50.9 | 145 / 176 | 10 / 14 | Mostly Unfree |
| 2026 | 50.3 | 146 / 176 | 10 / 14 | Mostly Unfree |
The regional population is the issuer’s Middle East and North Africa group. Rank movement can reflect changes in other economies or coverage; it is not a score change.
Twelve freedoms and four framework areas
| Area | Freedom | 2026 score |
|---|---|---|
| Rule of law | Property Rights | 35.5 |
| Rule of law | Judicial Effectiveness | 24.0 |
| Rule of law | Government Integrity | 27.1 |
| Government size | Tax Burden | 85.7 |
| Government size | Government Spending | 83.4 |
| Government size | Fiscal Health | 21.8 |
| Regulatory efficiency | Business Freedom | 51.4 |
| Regulatory efficiency | Labor Freedom | 43.1 |
| Regulatory efficiency | Monetary Freedom | 56.0 |
| Open markets | Trade Freedom | 60.2 |
| Open markets | Investment Freedom | 65.0 |
| Open markets | Financial Freedom | 50.0 |
The four areas organize the twelve components. No additional area aggregate score is calculated here.
Twelve-freedom history
| Freedom | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Property Rights | 48.5 | 51.2 | 39.0 | 39.7 | 40.0 | 40.6 | 35.5 |
| Judicial Effectiveness | 51.2 | 54.0 | 22.1 | 22.1 | 21.9 | 21.9 | 24.0 |
| Government Integrity | 34.0 | 37.0 | 28.7 | 27.9 | 26.2 | 29.6 | 27.1 |
| Tax Burden | 86.1 | 86.9 | 87.1 | 86.7 | 85.4 | 85.8 | 85.7 |
| Government Spending | 69.9 | 73.1 | 75.7 | 79.4 | 80.8 | 82.2 | 83.4 |
| Fiscal Health | 2.8 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 11.8 | 20.7 | 21.8 |
| Business Freedom | 62.0 | 62.7 | 54.1 | 51.1 | 48.9 | 48.0 | 51.4 |
| Labor Freedom | 51.5 | 51.4 | 32.9 | 33.4 | 32.8 | 43.6 | 43.1 |
| Monetary Freedom | 61.3 | 64.3 | 70.9 | 75.0 | 72.9 | 62.6 | 56.0 |
| Trade Freedom | 70.2 | 67.0 | 60.2 | 60.2 | 60.2 | 60.2 | 60.2 |
| Investment Freedom | 60.0 | 65.0 | 65.0 | 65.0 | 65.0 | 65.0 | 65.0 |
| Financial Freedom | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
Reading change with care
The historical view is split at the documented break. From 2020 to 2021 the printed overall score moved from 54.0 to 55.7 (+1.7 points). In the later segment it moved from 49.1 in 2022 to 50.3 in 2026 (+1.2 points). These are descriptive edition differences; the separate source windows and methods still matter.
The 2026 overall score differs from the 2025 edition by -0.6 points. This is local subtraction of the two printed edition scores; it is not an estimate of policy impact or a substitute for the issuer’s own reported change.
Methodology and comparability
The 2022 methodology break affects Property Rights, Judicial Effectiveness, Government Integrity, Business Freedom and Labor Freedom. Differences across 2021–2022 must be described as edition differences with this break, not as uninterrupted like-for-like policy trends. Each edition retains its own evaluation window and source vintages. Quick Facts are background data and do not automatically share the edition year.
The official 2024 Financial Freedom score is 50.0. The canonical series uses this source-verified value.
Historical editions and full analysis
Official source notes
Source: the Heritage Foundation, Index of Economic Freedom, original annual reports linked below. The historical analyses explain edition-specific qualifications. The publication date remains unconfirmed where it is not established by the source.